Recruitment and training at Starbucks

Acceptance preparing is where a business shows its new representatives how the business functions. One advantage of this is it is a decent method to give the new staff the general data of the business, for example, wellbeing and wellbeing, security, faculty and the departmental frameworks. This improves the representatives' comprehension of the business, which can expand inspiration in the business. Another advantage is that the new representatives can add to the business all the more rapidly, as they would definitely know how the business functions, and what their job is in the business. The degree of experience required for a senior supervisor would be more prominent than it would be for the barista position. The barista position could be a first activity for individuals, so it would be better for them to fill in an application structure, as they would have no past occupations on their application structure. It likewise implies that Starbucks gets just the data that they needed, as they are put on the application structure. On the off chance that the candidate has no significant capabilities that would be put on a CV, at that point they would have the option to go on the instructive program that Starbucks gives in the event that they land the position. For instance, underqualified baristas could go on the ‘learning to lead' program, with the goal that they can possibly arrive at chief level at Starbucks on the off chance that they do interior enrollment. The explanation that individuals applying for a barista would need to go to the Starbucks store to get an application structure is that each store has its own supervisor or group that would manage enlisting new staff. Selecting another chief is diverse in light of the fact that the Head Office would manage that, as they may dole out the candidate to a store, which is the reason they can apply on the web. When Starbucks chooses to select a chief, the set of working responsibilities would have more data than one for a barista. Shortlisting would likewise be a greater errand while picking a director, provided that a similar number of individuals applied for baristas as they accomplished for chiefs, there would undoubtedly be less situations for administrators. This implies the quantity of candidates must be chopped down additional during shortlisting and the most ideal approach to do that is make the activity particular as definite as could be expected under the circumstances. The Internet is better for promoting employments, as it tends to be refreshed quicker. At the point when the set of working responsibilities and individual particular are finished, they may must be sent to a paper, and they may need to hold up until the following day before the ad would be placed in. There would likewise been an expense that they would need to pay when they need to put a banner up or in the event that they need to place an advert in a paper. The least expensive approach to do present opportunities would be on post it on their own site. It would likewise cause it workable for individuals to go after the job on the web. Starbucks could have a survey that can be filled in online which could supplant a portion of the evaluations that would be done face to face. This could be less expensive, as it would mean less time would need to be spent at an appraisal place. A course that may get more perspectives is post the opportunities on a work site. In the event that numerous i ndividuals go to this site, they will see the opening alongside other organizations' opportunities. Despite the fact that this will cost cash, it might just include paying a little charge each time somebody taps on the connection for the expected set of responsibilities. For a barista, the preparation required for them would be more essential than it would be for the chief position. Another administrator would be relied upon to have some past understanding, in the event that not from Starbucks, at that point from elsewhere. On the off chance that this is the first occasion when they have been a supervisor, at that point they would need to learn abilities that will suit the activity. This implies they would utilize the Management Practice instructional class in the ‘learning to lead' program, or the ‘business and correspondence' program run by the Starbucks Support Center. Both of these would be off-the-work preparing. New baristas would have more hands on preparing, which would imply that they take in the aptitudes from individuals that as of now work at the chose Starbucks. It additionally gives them a direct encounter of how the business functions. Lamentably, if the mentor has any unfortunate propensities in the business or takes any easy routes, they could be passed onto the new staff he is preparing. In the event that a barista doesn't have numerous capabilities, or doesn't have numerous business aptitudes, at that point they can likewise go on a portion of the courses offered by the SSC, for example, the PC abilities course or the compromise course on the off chance that they want to turn into an administrator sooner or later. On the off chance that there are individuals who work in Starbucks who have a significant enthusiasm for espresso, they may go on the ‘coffee instruction' course, so they can discover progressively about espresso. This would be valuable for administrators, as it implies that they will comprehend their task better. What's more, if a client needed to find out about the espresso they are utilizing, they would have the opti on to ask the staff and get some data from them.

Ethics in the Tobacco Industry, Pakistan

Morals in the Tobacco Industry, Pakistan Dynamic A considerable amount has been said and done about Business Ethics. A few examinations have been led stressing on the significance of what and How in business condition. Anyway there has been invested very little energy in portraying in a bound together term of what business morals precisely inquires. By the by existing mammoth organizations have not been examined of their moral practices. This examination is an endeavor to research what morals does Tobacco Industry practice. The instance of Pakistan is taken to finish this exploration in order to check without exacting government guidelines how mindful does the business acts. Money saving advantage examination technique for explaining this moral problem shows that without solid wellbeing peril information the industrys by and large working can be viewed as moral under utilitarian way of thinking. This is on the grounds that the quantity of recipients of the business in a creating nation like Pakistan is gigantic and the perceived damages are similarly less. This theory gives the genuine liner impact when these outcomes are uncovered. Anyway this is a deductive report that prompts further research questions and finds new unfamiliar dares to investigate. Presentation Morals is for the most part known as the investigation of dynamic that while doing this thinks about the broadly acknowledged good gauges. One of the moral inquiries anyway is the moral issue, where an issue has two clashing bramble seemingly substantial sides. An old style moral situation model can be of the discussion on permitting the tobacco organizations to promote. Whenever permitted to do so then that implies consolation of an undesirable practice however then again on the off chance that they are not permitted to publicize, at that point it is clear segregation between rights. Correspondingly Employees reserve the privilege to protection, however businesses additionally have option to anticipate sheltered, able conduct from workers. Presently who is to choose the champ between representatives decision of consuming medications or managers freedom to let experience their workers through medication tests? Numerous such moral inquiries are looked by administrators consistently. The regular subject in every moral difficulty is a conflict between the benefits of at least two partners more than each other. Customarily, the spot of morals in strategic approaches has been to flexibly a choice strategy or some formal regulating direction. The spot of moral hypothesis really taking shape of business choices is hazardous, and the side effects are various. This can be seen, for instance, in the challenges creators of business morals messages regularly have in utilizing moral speculations to determine or explain issues of moral or social concern. As I would like to think the hypotheses for settling the moral difficulties themselves make a moral situation. For example a portion of the representatives in the association feel that there shouldnt be fixed working hours. For whatever length of time that they are beneficial there ought not be any limitations on them with respect to the time plans. On the off chance that we investigate this case under the two ways of thinking for example Utilitarian and the deontological we will see that if the representatives are profitable without forcing the constraint of fixed working hours on them for example the result of the recommendation is certain at that point as indicated by the utilitarian hypothesis the demonstration is moral. While Deontological idea will accept it as deceptive for it will consider it to be overstepping the laws and shows of the association It very well may be seen that directly acknowledged and rehearsed moral speculations set solid establishments. As I would like to think anyway these hypotheses are of constrained use in taking care of moral issues. Their dependability and capacity to be summed up can be tested on the grounds that they overlook certain parts of ethical quality and incline toward others as indicated by various circumstances that emerge in various settings. This investigation is dedicated to determine the contention of settling on what is and what isn't moral in the Tobacco business. The hypothesis picked for the examination is utilitarian hypothesis which has two preferences over other option moral speculations as how to be applied in different business tries. Right off the bat as we realize that business works for the intention of profiting self thus does utilitarian hypothesis characterizes ethical quality for example profound quality is to lean toward personal circumstance as prime. Besides utilitarian hypothesis is examined by contrasting the advantages and damages of a given choice and this is the manner by which it again discovers similitude with benefit and misfortune in bookkeeping and business. Since utilitarian hypothesis is evaluated with the assistance of money saving advantage investigation so the information is broke down by utilizing money saving advantage examination model. The endeavor was to have the option to determine the moral predicament in regards to the presence and working of Tobacco industry without making a moral problem through the way toward settling it. Business Ethics. Business morals is a type of applied morals that distinguish and illuminate the moral and good issues in the business condition. In the inexorably heart centered commercial centers of the 21st century, the interest for progressively moral business procedures and activities (known as ethicism) is expanding (wikipedia, 2007). Generally, enthusiasm for business morals quickened significantly during the 1980s and 1990s, both inside significant companies and inside scholarly world. For instance, today most significant enterprises utilize interchange words, for example, social obligation sanctions, corporate social duty and so forth to feature the significance of social qualities and standards. Business morals needs to settle on moral issues by glancing through the focal point of the representative, the undertaking or the general public all in all. Moral predicament It is the circumstance where an issue has two clashing however seemingly legitimate sides. Moral quandaries keep on getting a lot of consideration from logicians and the executives specialists, who have built up various devices to control administrators through once in a while confounding and consistently troublesome choices with respect to moral problems. Anyway note that like the issue the techniques for settling this issue are likewise not supreme and settled upon. Indeed, even the best models infrequently lead to a solitary answer that is totally right, just or reasonable, yet they do direct the path toward answers that appear to be all the more right, progressively just, or more reasonable than others Hosmer(1988 a). Standards of moral investigation have their underlying foundations in regularizing theory, the investigation of legitimate contemplations and lead, or how individuals ought to carry on Hosmer(1988 b). Five ordinarily applied regularizing approaches are depicted as under. Deontology. Deontology relies upon the expectations of an individual creation the choice or playing out the demonstration. A deontologist would differ with the accentuation on result as the determinant of good activities since outcomes are commonly inconclusive and unsure at the time the choice is made. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) gave a significant part of the base to understanding this idea in all periods. Speculations of Justice. Speculations of equity clarify moral choices based on decency and unbiasedness (Stead et al, 1990). This way of thinking stresses social equity. Pundits call attention to that this hypothesis expect that social participation gives the premise to all financial and social advantages, which might be valid (Stead et al, 1990). Hypotheses of Rights. Hypotheses of rights as from the name show that the most moral choice will be founded on securing people groups right that may possibly be influenced by the choice (Courtland et al, 1992). Hypotheses of rights, in contrast to speculations of equity, rely upon equivalent open doors for decision and trade, not on equivalent designations of riches and salary. As talked about before in some cases the clashing rights become the inadequacy of the use of this hypothesis (Courtland et al, 1992). Implicit understanding Theories. Implicit understanding speculations hold that when people become a piece of a greater network, for example, an association of a nearby network then they consent to share the estimations of that gathering and furthermore consents to the methods for coming to the settled upon objectives (Thomas, 1991). Pundits contend that implicit understanding speculations don't offer freedom to the individual scholars who may have a repudiating conclusion from their kindred network individuals (Thomas, 1991). Utilitarian speculations. Utilitarian speculations bolster the possibility that moral conduct brings about the best useful for the best number. In this way, as per utilitarian speculations, the most moral choice makes the best level of advantages for the more prominent number of individuals while having a capability of instigating similarly lesser measure of harms or mischief (Hitt Columbus, Ohio 1990). Consequentialist moral hypotheses are teleological which implies that they focus on some objective state and assess the profound quality of activities as far as progress toward that state. Tobacco Industry and Business Ethics. This segment will plot some verifiable realities identified with tobacco industry and will likewise feature how this industry developed from the scratch. This segment likewise incorporates the portrayal of the working of the tobacco business as far as business morals since from the earliest starting point of its root straight up till now. At last the section finishes up by quickly expressing how it turned into a piece of Muslim and Asian culture. Tobacco Plant. Tobacco is a locally encouraged plant of America. Tobacco plant has exceptionally little seed, for example, one ounce roughly contains more than 300,000 seeds. This plant began being developed by a gauge thousand years B.C. As ahead of schedule as one B.C., Tobacco began being utilized in different strict exercises. Religious as well as was believed to be of a serious restorative significance by American Indians. It was fundamentally thought of as torment executioner and was additionally utilized by a lot of individuals as a fix all arrangement. Disclosure of the New World. Christopher Columbus was skilled dried tobacco leaves by the American Indians. As it was brought to Europe it began to be developed everywhere throughout the Europe. Eu

The Finest Steel Come From The Hottest Furnaces

The Finest Steel Come From The Hottest Furnaces Ill never forget the night in 1946 when disaster and challenge visited our home.My brother, George, came home from football practice and collapsed with a temperature of 104 degrees. After an examination, the doctor informed us it was polio. This was before the days of Dr. Salk, and polio was well known in Webster Groves, Missouri, having killed and crippled many children and teenagers.After the initial crisis passed, the doctor felt duty bound to inform George of the horrible truth. I hate to tell you this, son, he said, but the polio has taken such a toll that youll probably never walk again without a limp, and your left arm will be useless. George had always envisioned himself as a championship wrestler for his senior year, after just missing it the season before while he was a junior. Barely able to speak, George whispered, DoctorYes, said the doctor leaning over the bed, what is it, my boy?Go to hell, said George in a voice filled with determination.You see, Mom and Dad taught u s that just like you would never let someone else come into your house with an axe and allow them to break up your furniture, you should never let a damaging thought come into your mind and break up your dreams.The next day the nurse walked into Georges room to find him lying flat on his face on the floor.Whats going on in here? asked the shocked nurse.Im walking, George calmly replied.George refused the use of any braces or even a crutch that was given to him. Sometimes it would take him 20 minutes just to get out of the chair, but he refused any offers of aid.I remember seeing him lift a tennis ball with as much effort as a healthy man would need to lift a 100-pound barbell.I also remember seeing him, six months later, step out on the mat as captain of the wrestling team. Georges rehabilitation from the devastating effects of polio was written up all over the state of Missouri. No one had ever been known to recover so quickly or so completely from this disease.The story continues. The next year, after being named to start for Missouri Valley College in one of the first football games to be televised locally, George came down with mononucleosis.It was my brother Bob who helped reinforce Georges already strong philosophy of never giving up.The family was sitting in Georges room at the hospital, watching the game on TV, when Valleys quarterback completed a 12-yard pass to the tight end. Then the announcer said, And George Schlatter makes the first catch of the game.Shocked, we all looked at the bed to make sure George was still there. Then we realized what had happened. Bob, who had made the starting line-up, had worn Georges number so George could spend the afternoon hearing himself catching six passes and making countless tackles. Later he said, If I can do that flat on my back with a temperature of 103 degrees, just think what I can do when Im up!As he overcame mono, he did it with the lesson Bob taught him that daythere is always a way!George was destined t o spend the next three falls seasons in the hospital. In 1948, it was after he stepped on a rusty nail. In 1949, it was tonsillitis, just before he was to sing in an audition for Phil Harris, a great orchestra leader and radio comedy icon. And in 1950, it was third-degree burns over 40 percent of his body and collapsed lungs. After an explosion had set Georges body on fire, my brother Alan put the flames out by throwing himself on George. Alan had saved his brothers life, but he received serious burns himself.Following each challenge, George came back stronger and surer of his own ability to overcome any obstacle. He had read that if one looks at the roadblocks, he isnt looking at the goal.Armed with these gifts, he entered the world of show business and revolutionized television by creating and producing such innovative shows as Laugh In and The American Comedy Awards. He also won an Emmy for his production of Sammy Davis Jr.s 60th Anniversary Celebration Special.He had literally b een through the furnace and come out of it with a soul as strong as steel, and he used it to strengthen and entertain a nation.Of course, the four of us didnt always get a long, but we were brothers through and through, and yet out of the conflicts came new respect and even memories about which we would later laugh.By John Wayne Jack Schlatter

Bottlenose Dolphin Informative Speech Essay - 890 Words

The Bottlenose Dolphin Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the bottlenose dolphin species. Central Idea: Dolphins are unique creatures that possess numerous abilities such as, their intelligence, communication skills, and behavioral patterns. Introduction I. Imagine yourself surrounded by a pool of water, but not just any pool of water, the biggest one of all: the ocean. You’re in the ocean attempting to swim, but only this time, instead of moving your arms over your head and your legs up and down, your only moving your lower half, up and down. You swim for a period of time and then suddenly realize your oxygen supply is slowly running out. You swim to the surface and breathe, then your right back at it, swimming with no†¦show more content†¦a. Communication occurs within the dolphin itself. i. This includes a range of echolocation clicks in the dolphin sonar system used to identify objects underwater. ii. Studies by the US Navy have proven that a dolphin’s sonar communication is accurate. 1. Dolphins can locate a 3-inch sphere 400 yards away (Wexler, 1994). b. Communication can also occurs between two or more dolphins. i. This was measured using the rate of whistling in dolphins. 1. According the University of St. Andrews’ study, of 29 different dolphins, whistling rates during non-polarized and socializing movements were higher than surface travel (Quick amp; Janik, 2008). ii. Dolphins alert stress levels to other dolphins by altering the pitch of their signature whistle (Wexler, 1994). Transition: After learning about a dolphin’s sense of communication, we can now build upon this information by examining their unique behavior. III. A final ability worth noting is the social inclination of dolphin behavior. a. It has been proven that a lot of their behavior revolves around social activity. i. Randall Wells and his team observed groups of male dolphin behavior in Sarasota Bay, Florida. 1. The dolphins lifted their heads, which allowed them to toss each other out of the water. 2. This proved that these interactions were defining their social relationships (Rohan, 2003). ii. Another study consisting of 52 dolphins proved that social

South Street Seaweed Report Essay - 706 Words

South Street Seaweed Report Prasenjit Saha Chem lab 106 2/6/13 Spring 2014 Prasenjit Saha, Abdullah Sharif I. Warmup Questions 1. Coffee beans are crushed into small pieces, water is added to it and the mixture is heated over a flame. What do you think would happen to the coffee bean as it interacts with the water? Explain. Essentially the warm water will run through the coffee beans and extract its properties. The flavor of the coffee beans would disperse into the water. The water would change color and smell like the coffee beans as these properties are drained from the coffee beans. 2. What would happen to the water if instead of coffee beans, strips†¦show more content†¦Procedure 1. Weigh five grams seaweed. 2. Wash the seaweed to get rid of Monosodium Glutamate 3. Boil the seaweed in 40 ml water for 5 minutes 4. Filter the seaweed and collect about 3 ml solution 5. Pour the solution to a clean beaker, then add 3 crystals of iodine 6. After 10 min utes, conduct the observation test V. Observations of all tests Standards Iodine Test Light Purple Iodide Test Yellowish milky white, some precipitate Triiodide Test BrownishShow MoreRelatedRetail Marketing Case Study - the Body Shop in Hong Kong5586 Words   |  23 PagesRecommendation 5. Conclusion 6. References 1 2 2 3 6 7 8 8 9 11 12 13 14 23 24 Appendices 26 Executive Summary In Hong Kong, the concept of sustainability is not popular in the retailing industry, especially in the store design. Therefore, this report is to study the sustainability of retailing in Hong Kong about the store design. Firstly, the literature review explains that what sustainability and store design is. Sustainability is defined as the ability maintaining the certain status or processRead MoreLululemon Marketing3100 Words   |  13 Pagesyour laundry expense; eliminate the chance of using plastic bags, and decrease pollution and wastes. 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Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse Free Essays

Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse Introduction The Hyatt Regency Hotel was built in Kansas City, Missouri in 1978. This hotel consisted of a 40-story hotel tower and conference facilities, which were connected by an open concept atrium. Inside the atrium, there were three walkways that connected the hotel to the conference facilities on the second, third, and fourth floors. We will write a custom essay sample on Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse or any similar topic only for you Order Now The atrium was 145 feet long, 117 feet wide and 50 feet high. On July 17, 1981, approximately 2,000 people had gathered in the atrium to participate in and watch a dance contest. Dozens stood on the walkways. At 7:05 PM, the walkways on the second, third, and fourth floor were packed with visitors as they watched over the active lobby, which was also full of people. The fourth floor bridge was suspended directly over the second floor bridge, with the third floor walkway set off to the side several meters away from the other two. Construction issues led to a subtle but flawed design change that doubled the load on the connection between the fourth floor walkway support beams and the tie rods carrying the weight of the second floor walkway. This new design could barely handle the dead load weight of the structure itself, much less the weight of the spectators standing on it. The connection failed and both walkways crashed one on top of the other and then into the lobby below, killing 114 people and injuring more than 200 others. Mainbody FIG-1 FIG-2 Originally, the 2nd and 4th floor walkways were to be suspended from the same rod (as shown in fig-1) and held in place by nuts. The preliminary design sketches contained a note specifying a strength of 413 MPa for the hanger rods which was omitted on the final structural drawings. Following the general notes in the absence of a specification on the drawing, the contractor used hanger rods with only 248 MPa of strength. This original design, however, was highly impractical because it called for a nut 6. 1 meters up the hanger rod and did not use sleeve nuts. The contractor modified this detail to use 2 hanger rods instead of one (as shown in fig-2) and the engineer approved the design change without checking it. This design change doubled the stress exerted on the nut under the fourth floor beam. Now this nut supported the weight of 2 walkways instead of just one Conclution FIG-3 FIG-4 Neither the original nor the as-built design for the hanger rod satisfied the Kansas City building code making the connection failure inevitable. If, however, the building design had contained more redundancy this failure may not have resulted in the complete collapse of the walkway. Kaminetzky (1991) suggests two much stronger design alternatives for the connectors. The toe-to-toe channels used in the Hyatt Regency provided for weak welding which allowed the nut to pull through the channel/box beam assembly initiating the collapse. A back-to-back channel design using web stiffeners when necessary (fig-3) or the use of bearing crossplates in conjunction with the toe-to-toe channels (fig-4) would have made the connection much stronger making it much more difficult for the nut to pull through References Engineering Ethics – Lessons Learned: Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse http://www. pdhengineer. com/Course%20Web/Law%20and%20Ethics%20Courses/hyatt_walkway_collapse. htm â€Å"Hyatt Regency Walkway Collapse†. School of Engineering, University of Alabama. http://www. eng. uab. edu/cee/faculty/ndelatte/case_studies_project/Hyatt%20Regency/hyatt. htm#Causes Kaminetzky, Dov, Design and Construction Failures: Lessons from Forensic Investigations (1991). McGraw-Hill, New York, N. Y. How to cite Kansas City Hyatt Walkway Collapse, Essay examples

Cultural Relativism Essay Research Paper Topic 1 free essay sample

Cultural Relativism Essay, Research Paper Subject 1: Cultural Relativism Cultural relativism, as defined by Ruth Benedict in her article A Defense of Cultural Relativism, is the theory that human morality is based on the society in which an person is a portion of. The footing of a society? s morality comes from cultural traditions, wonts, and what the bulk believes to be right and incorrect. Benedict uses her anthropological surveies to back up her thoughts refering cultural relativism. The theory of cultural relativism is criticized and questioned by many ; and it is considered one of the weakest statements refering to the footing of morality. Some of these unfavorable judgments come from William Shaw in his paper Relativism in Ethics. In his paper, Shaw sets out to turn out that Cultural Relativism is non a strong plenty theory on which to establish the being of human morality. In this paper I will discourse the thoughts of cultural relativism and the jobs with them. Whether cultural relativism is a feasible footing for morality or non, society must play some axial rotation in finding the manner people act and perceive right and incorrect. Cultural relativism as an account for the ethical motives of human existences is a logical and convincing thought. Harmonizing to the theory, people base their single ideas, actions and beliefs on the ethical motives of the society in which they are a portion. The single physiques their ain morality around what society believes is good, bad, right or incorrect. Society sets its ain ethical motives by taking a way in one manner or another on a certain belief. This belief is so incorporated into society and becomes the norm. Anything non considered to be moral is tossed aside and considered to be unnatural. This is what the theory of cultural relativism is based on. It is an account of why different societies have different thoughts refering ethical motives. Harmonizing to Ruth Benedict, the normalcy of a society is defined by its civilization as what is good and abnormalcy as what is bad. This in bend defines what is socially acceptable and unacceptable in a society. Positions as to what is good and what is bad alterations from civilization to civilization. For illustration, the society in which we live believes it is morally acceptable to eat animate beings, and we see no injury in that. Another society might believe that the feeding of animate beings is inhumane and therefore immoral. The two societies disagree as to what is right or incorrect, moral or immoral on the behaviour of eating animate beings, and cultural relativism explains why. The norms of a society are the criterions by which to populate. Those who live their lives within the moral boundaries of society are accepted and viewed as a good, moral people. Those who do non conform to the norms of society are seen as castawaies and are non accepted by the whole of society. As cultural relativism explains, a individual who does non follow the norms of one society may well suit into another society where their positions are more socially acceptable. Ruth Benedict? s statement back uping cultural relativism is a convincing account of the morality of persons. Be it converting or non, the thought of cultural relativism is a weak position of the footing of morality. Arguments opposed to cultural relativism are set Forth by William Shaw in his paper Relativism in Ethics. Shaw concludes with the dismissal of cultural relativism as a valid theory of the account of societal ethical motives. Shaw starts out in his paper with the account of cultural relativism, much like I have antecedently, explicating the footing of the theory. He so points out several statements that question the theory of cultural relativism. The first resistance introduced by Shaw is the inquiry? What proportion of a society must believe in a certain behaviour or thought to do it moral? ? In cultural relativism, what is believed to be right or incorrect is a standard set by what the bulk believes is right or incorrect. The minority of a society can neer be right unless it can convert the bulk to hold with them. Shaw goes on inquiring what makes up a bulk? Is at that place a set per centum of people that have to hold on something to do it moral or immoral? If that per centum is set high so it will be hard run intoing the standard of a moral bulk. One illustration Shaw gives has to make with abortion. If 75 % of people are needed to do a behaviour ( in this instance abortion ) or belief right, wha T happens if say merely 60 % of society condone abortion? The bulk of society believes that abortion is morally allowable, but it is still incorrect because the bulk did non make the standards of 75 % . If the bulk of society is overpowering on an issue so the inquiry becomes less of a job. In contrast to holding a high criterion for a bulk is puting a low one. If a bulk is considered to be 51 % of the people so the job of moral? flip-flopping? , as Shaw calls it, becomes a job. One twelvemonth 51 % of people think abortion is good and hence moral. The following twelvemonth merely 49 % of people agree with abortion doing it immoral. The issue of abortion in society can and likely will go on to alter as clip goes on. This is one illustration of a job with bulk regulations in the theory of cultural relativism. Another inquiry raised by Shaw refering the relevancy of cultural relativism is? what defines a society? ? Harmonizing to Shaw we are all a portion of several different societies. For illustration, I am a member of the society of the United States, the society of the University of Minnesota, and my ain societal society dwelling of my friends. Each of these single societies portion the bulk of the ethical motives that I follow, but they all have several of their ain single moral criterions non shared with the others. Which society that I am a portion of sets the criterions of right and incorrect that I am to populate up to? The relativist would state that each society that I am a portion of is right in its ain manner, even though I may be acquiring inconsistent moral ideals from each society. Shaw concludes that cultural relativism is? false as a theory of normative moralss? . He states that the inquiries he set Forth are non to rebut relativism but to seek replies. Answers a relativist, such as Ruth Benedict, can non give. Harmonizing to Shaw, relativists maintain that society sets the thoughts of what is right and incorrect and? this is the lone criterion by which an person? s actions can be judged? . Shaw goes on to postulate that non merely does a relativist avoid giving a nice ground in support of their theory, cultural relativism does non co-occur with our values of morality. A relativist believes that whatever a society considers to be right and moral is right and moral for them. Shaw concludes his article by stating? ? it seems clear that a society that applauded random anguish of kids would be immoral, even if it thought such a pattern was right. It would merely be mistaken, and disastrously so. ? With this statement, Shaw states his dissension with ethical relat ivism. After reading the two articles I used to compose this paper I feel I got a good apprehension of the construct of cultural relativism. When I foremost read Ruth Benedict? s article back uping cultural relativism I was sold. I have ever believed that the ethical motives persons hold are a direct consequence of the society they are a portion of twenty-four hours in and twenty-four hours out. Peoples want to make what is right so that they can play a productive and respectful axial rotation in society. If a individual did non stay by the societal criterions in a society it would be difficult to be respected. After reading the 2nd article, this one written by William Shaw, my belief in cultural relativism was in inquiry. Shaw pointed out several cardinal statements that truly made the thought of cultural relativism lose its black and white simpleness that Benedict proposed in her article. Even though I do non believe that cultural relativism should be accepted as a theory on which to establish the manner we live ; I do believe that society plays some axial rotation in the manner we live our lives. Cultural Relativism is excessively simple of a theory on which to establish the full being of human ethical motives on. I believe that people for the most portion act the manner society wants them to move. If people did non follow socially acceptable criterions they would non work good in the society. This would be unwanted for both the person and the society. This is what society is all about and what makes it work. If everyone followed their ain thoughts of what is moral and immoral society could non work. I believe that ethical motives come from more than one beginning and no one thing can be given recognition for the ethical motives an single possesses. Society may play a axial rotation in the morality of human existences, but it does non account for all morality as clai med in the theory of cultural relativism.

The Model Penal Code free essay sample

The Model Penal Code was enacted to specify certain offenses. The Model Penal Code is one of the most vital improvements in American law; possibly the most important influence on American criminal law since it was completed in 1962. Conceived as a way to standardize and categorize the often fragmentary criminal codes enacted by the states; the Model Penal Code has influenced a large majority of states to change their laws. Some provisions of the Model Penal Code are now considered outdated, it still manages to help. Members of the American Law Institute, which is a group of judges, lawyers, and legal scholars whose purpose is to clarify and progress the law, began working on the Model Penal Code in 1952. The group had deserted two preceding attempts to generate a model criminal code. The third attempt took ten years, and the American Law Institute produced numerous drafts. Herbert Wechsler, a Columbia Law School professor, served as the chief reporter or principal drafter. We will write a custom essay sample on The Model Penal Code or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page From 1953 to 1962, American Law Institute council members scrutinized, judged, and debated the work of Wechsler, in a total of 31 drafts. Finally, in 1962, the Model Penal Code was accomplished and published. The impact of the Model Penal Code was immediate. For many states, the perception of codifying their criminal code was unfamiliar. Their criminal statutes were often poorly organized and did not define their crimes. The Model Penal Code arranged matters differently, organizing itself into four parts: (1) general provisions containing definitional functions and presumptive rules; (2) definitions of specific offenses; (3) provisions governing treatment and correction; and (4) provisions governing the organization of corrections departments and divisions such as the divisions responsible for parole or probation. Although the Model Penal Code has come under some criticism in recent years, some critics suggest that it may be time for revision. The Model Penal Code remains firmly ensconced as an influence in the criminal laws of more than two-thirds of the states.

How To Use the Spanish Verb Parar

How To Use the Spanish Verb Parar Although the Spanish verb parar is a cognate of the English verb pare, its meaning is far different: It generally means to stop or to halt something or someone, and the words most closely related to parar are usually related to the idea of something being stopped. Parar is conjugated regularly, following the pattern of hablar. Sample Sentences Using Parar Parar can function as either a transitive or intransitive verb. It can be used, respectively, to say that something is being halted or that that someone or something is stopping or that an activity coming to an end. Some examples of parar used transitively: El policà ­a me parà ³ cuando manejaba el auto de mi mam. (The policeman stopped me when I was driving my mothers car.)En el minuto 11 pararon el partido entre Espaà ±a y Ecuador. (In the 11th minute they halted the match between Spain and Ecuador.)Quieren parar la cosecha para combatir el trabajo infantil. (They want to stop the harvest in order to fight child labor.)Vamos a parar la privatizacià ³n del petrà ³leo. Were going to stop the privatization of oil. In sports usage, intercept can sometimes be a good translation: El portero parà ³ tres penaltis tras la prà ³rroga. (The goalie intercepted three penalty kicks in overtime.) Examples of parar as an intransitive verb: El coche parà ³ en el lado del camino. (The car stopped on the side of the road.)Vamos a parar para rehidratarnos y para descansar. (We are going to stop to rehydrate ourselves and to rest.)Quiero que no pare el concierto. (I hope the concert doesnt end.) The reflexive form pararse can also be used to refer to a person or thing stopping rather than being stopped. Me parà © cuando lleguà © al camino. I stopped when I arrived at the road.No nos vamos a parar a explicaros cà ³mo hacerlo. Were not going to stop to explain to you how to do it. ¿Te paraste a pensar que deberà ­a? Did you stop to think what you should do?Ella se parà ³ frente a mi, sujetando mis hombros. She stopped in front of me, grabbing my shoulders. Using Prepositions With Parar The phrase parar de followed by an infinitive refers to the stopping or quitting of an action: Los Tigres no pararon de festejar en el vestidor. (The Tigers didnt stop celebrating in the locker room.)Hay muchos beneficios de parar de fumar. (There are many benefits to quitting smoking.) The phrase parar en often suggests remaining stationary or staying somewhere: Me parà ³ en la puerta de la habitacià ³n y di un leve toque a la puerta. (I stood at the door of the room and lightly knocked on the door.)Mientras que en una tour de Rumania, paramos en el hotel Wolf en Bran. (While on a tour of Romania, we stayed at the Wolf Hotel in Bran.) The phrase sin parar is very common and refers to something happening nonstop or continuously: Bailamos sin parar en San Isidro lloviera o hiciera sol. (We danced all the time in San Isidro, rain or shine.)Javier comà ­a sin parar con una sonrisa en los labios. (Javier ate nonstop with a smile on his lips.) Words Related to Parar The past participle parado often refers to being unemployed or otherwise idle. As a personality trait, parado can refer to someone being timid; sometimes it is used pejoratively to refer to someone unambitious. In can also refer to someone being taken aback or surprised: Grecia emplear temporalmente a 50.000 parados en trabajos para la comunidad. (Greece will temporarily hire 50,000 unemployed people in community jobs.)Mi hijo es muy parado, y por esta causa a mi hija le gusta controlar la situacià ³n. (My son is quite timid, so my daughter likes to control the situation.)Estaba viendo en la televisià ³n como siempre y me encontrà © con algo que me dejà ³ parado. (I was watching the television as always and ran across something that left me stunned.) A parada is a place where vehicles stop to pick up or drop off passengers: La parada de autobuses se encuentra a la salida del aeropuerto. (The bus stop is found at the airports exit.) Key Takeaways Parar is a common verb usually meaning to stop or to halt.Parar can be used transitively (with a direct object) or intransitively (without an object).Sin parar is a common phrase meaning without stopping or continuously.

Developing security policy (Security, Ethics and Electronic Commerce Essay

Developing security policy (Security, Ethics and Electronic Commerce Systems) - Essay Example A security policy specifically is the imperative foundation on which a valuable and complete security program can be developed. This significant constituent of the overall security architecture is usually ignored. A security policy is the most important way in which management’s decision for security is converted into specific, measurable, and testable goals and objectives. It is essential to take a top down approach (defining the policy and then roles and responsibilities to enact it properly) based on a well-stated policy in order to make an effective security architecture. On the other hand, if there is an absence of a security policy guiding the decision makers, then decisions will be made on ad-hoc bases, by the individuals developing, installing, and maintaining computer systems, and this will result in a disparate and less than optimal security architecture being used or implemented (Weise & Martin, 2001). The structure of this report is as follows: next section describ es the components necessary for developing and defining the policy then a policy is developed to govern the transaction management system of an organization. It characterizes the challenge or issue that management is dealing with. It might include regulatory restrictions, security of highly significant data, or the appropriate utilization of certain technologies. Sometimes, it may be needed to describe terms. It is also vital that everyone involved in the policy, must understands its content. Moreover, the conditions must also be stated under which policy is applicable (Olzak, 2010; Patrick, 2001). Objectives are usually specified within the scope definition and may take in actions and configurations forbidden or restricted. In addition, these are also normally defined outside a policy, conditions and organizational practices may necessitate placing certain standards and

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN, Subject-Critical Thinking and Essay

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN, Subject-Critical Thinking and Investigation Methods - Essay Example Peter, Olson and Grunert (1999) defined CRM as â€Å"a comprehensive strategy and process of acquiring, retaining and partnering with selective customers to create superior value for the company and the customer†. According to them, CRM involves the integration of marketing, sales, customer service, and the supply-chain functions of the organization to achieve greater efficiencies and effectiveness in delivering customer value. These definitions emphasise that CRM is a comprehensive set of strategies for managing relationships with customers that relate to the overall process of marketing, sales, service, and support within the organisation. As a result, customers are given the chance to convey their preferences through the use of explicit or implicit means. In the retail industry, they make the company or organization aware of these preferences through communication lines established or through the personalized services (i.e. loyalty schemes and frequent shoppers programs) developed by the people in charge of customer relationship management. Having made aware of these preferences, companies continue to track these responses and offer their customers with products and services that are both customized and personalized. Customer loyalty and the understanding of their customers’ preferences are very hard and at the same time, take a lot of time. Because of this, the relationship established by the two becomes unique and the customers would often come back for a repeat business, one of the proofs of their loyalty to a certain company. This paper shall focus on customer relationship marketing to establish customer loyalty in the hospitality industry. Traditionally, it has been said that the products and services being offered in one hotel is very hard to differentiate from the products and services also being offered in another hotel. Hence, hotels

What Is The Importance Of Groundwater Environmental Sciences Essay

What Is The Importance Of Groundwater Environmental Sciences Essay Groundwater is a regenerated phenomenon. Its circumstance from long time ago began to become worse and even worst because of people greediness and ignorance. We, group one, attempted strenuously to design this report to accomplish our only purpose which is for our mates to awake their sleeping instinct and make them aware of the importance of the groundwater for the environment and even for us. From antiquity, water especially water from underground has been utilized for irrigation and livestock. People with their narrow understanding of the environment in the past have succeeded in developing new simple methods to attract rain water and bring groundwater to surface so that they can use it easily. Many parts of the world face a lack of freshwater and groundwater occupies approximately two third of the freshwater resources, from that the groundwater is the most important, reliable source of freshwater sources. About 1% of water on the earth is made up by ground water and the groundwater volume is equal to a fifty five m thick layer in the earth surface. Groundwater supplies are the fundamental resources for people drinking, agriculture and even industry, about 80% of drinking water in Middle East, Europe, Russia and North America are groundwater. This Table (1) indicates the percentage of countries dependence on groundwater. Groundwater simply is the existed water in vents and scratches in rocks in ground layers. It is created from the collective of rainfall, melting ice and snow. Through the soil this banding water together moves into groundwater system stored in aquifers and when it find its way to surface it discharge from ground as lakes, streams and oceans. Therefore, groundwater is directly related to the water cycle which is related to the processes of the atmosphere and climate. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/wattab.gif Groundwater Occurrence: Through the soil the falling rain seeps down to the aeration or unsaturated zone which its vents are filled with air. It continues to seep deeper to enter the saturated zone where rocks vents are filled with water. The surface of that zone is called the water table that can occur everywhere in ground layers. Water table water reaches the surface at lakes and streams in humid climates. Thus, the amounts of floating water changes as seasons change. For example the depth of water table decreases during wet seasons and increases during dry seasons. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/chwattab.gif Groundwater Rocks Textures: Groundwater amount and flow rate is controlled by properties related to rocks: rock porosity The percentage of pore space in the rock volume that allocates the amount of water that a rock can store. Porosity in sedimentary rocks is based on the size of rock partials, their shapes and their sorting and cement degree. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/pores.gif Usually rocks with well-rounded rough partial sediments have higher porosity than fine-organized partial sediments, That is because the partials dont fit together very well. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/poorsort.gif Usually unsorted sediments have lower porosity than the well sorted sediments because sorted partials head for filling the empty space. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/cemented.gif Cements highly fill the space of pore, and it has lower porosity. rock permeability The percentage of how highly the spaces of vents are interconnected in the rock. Usually rocks with low porosity have also low permeability but this isnt always true. There are possibilities that a rock with many pored space has a little interconnections between these pores. Vesicular volcanic rock is a good example for this state. Vesicular volcanic rock has a high porosity which is given from the stored gas in its bubbles but in contrast it has a low permeability because pores in that rock are not connected together. Force of molecular attraction is when water faces a lack in ionic charge and becomes attracted to minerals in rock vents. This shows us that if the permeability is low then water wont move. This means that if the interconnections size isnt enough for the molecular attraction the water wont move. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/molecattr.gif Groundwater Aquifers: After rainfall seeps down to the ground, the soil carries away this water to springs and wells which is called aquifers. Precipitation recharge water into the ground in aquifers rocks vents and the recharge rate varies depending on the type of the aquifer rocks. If water is pumped from the well too much and with high speed then it will draw down in an aquifer and if this continues with the same high speed then the aquifer will dry out. There are two types of aquifers : Unconfined Aquifers : This type is the common kind of aquifers. Through unconfined Aquifer water table can expose to surface from aeration zone Confined Aquifers : This type is less common. It occurs when an aquifer constricts between impermeable strata layers. The figure below shows a distinctive kind of confined aquifer in artesian system. Artesian systems result in free flowing springs and wells. http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/springs.gif When the surface interacts with the water table on the earth surface causing water flowing out of the ground, springs are formed. They occur when aquiclude rock interacts with an aquifer . http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/wells.gif When human beings dig a deep hole in the ground that interacts with water table, wells are formed. Wells are one of the groundwater sources. They will dry out if we dig holes very deep in the ground. C:UsersLGAppDataLocalMicrosoftWindowsTemporary Internet FilesLowContent.IE5Y3H9SNP97_aquiferswells_large[1].jpg Groundwater Foundation and composition: Most of the shallow groundwater is composed directly from the nominated small amounts of rainwater and snow melt to the class that follows the surface. As for the groundwater remote valley has its adherence to the pores of the soil they remain stagnant for millions of years. Some of this type of water contains large amounts of dissolved salts may be salty sea water retained by the surrounding rock formation during a long time ago. In volcanic regions may produce small amounts of groundwater from molten masses of igneous rocks in the deeper part of the class that follows the surface. Even in areas where there is a hot spring, the quantities of water that originates from molten rock, generally less than 1% of the total hot water flowing on the surface. Through the various stages of geological evolution of groundwater have been too many changes in the structure occurred as a result of mutual influence between water and surrounding rock under the influence of pressure and heat. According to modern conceptions, the groundwater is formed at the expense of water molecules within the solid part of the earth. According to modern conceptions, the groundwater is formed at the expense of water molecules within the solid part of the earth. As a result of the receipt of water to the rocks from the outer shells also it result of dewatering of the sedimentary origin of metals. Groundwater originating outside Established this type of water as a result of leakage of part of the water runoff to the ground by the pores and cracks within rocks. This leakage depends on the quality of the rocks in the area of the leak. Ground water originating in the internal In addition to the emergence of underground water sedimentation and condensation also arise through the presence and the presence of water vapor and other gases resulting from (Amalgam) liquid in the range of the deep Earth. As a result of the movement of these (Amalgam), these gases and vapors separated from the (Amalgam) and the Federation of hydrogen and oxygen, forming water vapor, Which in turn condenses problem fluids rise through cracks and deep tectonic faults and appear on the surface in the form of metal springs are hot and you know this theory virginity. Groundwater chemical origin Many of the rocks under the water molecules attached to such Almirabelit (NasSO4.10H2O) which contains 55.9% water. Plaster and also contains 20.9% water and also Allimonayat and contains 25.2% water in composition. Under the changes affected by geothermal can be freed from a portion of these rocks, and water is a safe house of groundwater. Groundwater Movement: http://www.tulane.edu/~sanelson/images/movement.gif Groundwater movement is very slow, which means they will still exist in the ground and are available for very long periods so that could be used in multiple uses before they reach on its way to the sea and this is one of the most important characteristics. Underground water moves toward the bottom and as a result of Gravitation, and then laterally as a result of increasing pressure and movement might be in places where the alleged high pressure and high water to the places where the alleged low water pressure is less. The speed of ground water on several factors, including: a) Amount Alomta: t rev in the rainy season due to increased water levels a mile underground. b) Permeability: Increases the speed increase of permeability. c) Depth: at least speed up the water depth due to the loss of energy due to friction with rocks. The difference between the level of groundwater and surface water: water moves from the hills to the valleys in the rainy season as it moves from the bottom of the valleys in the dry season. Is determined by the rate of movement of groundwater on the basis of the permeability of rocks or sediments that contain this water and also the rate of decline of water level and the rate of flow of river water depends on the downstream slope. Groundwater Pollution : Water pollution: damage or corruption to the quality of water leading to an imbalance in the system in one way or the other, thereby reducing their capacity to perform its natural role. Collects groundwater beneath the earths crust of Foreign affairs , and these waters are considered the most important sources of water given by the states informed attention to the preservation of environmental pollution by attachment , environmental contamination and the indiscriminate use of groundwater resources threatens the groundwater in the world . There are several reasons for causing pollution of underground water, one of the causes of pollution is the human activities in the land that come through pesticides and chemical fertilizers, and chemicals spills and deep injection wells, these materials cause serious diseases in humans especially in children where up to humans through the irrigation and rain, who nominated them Egervan pesticides non analyst Baltjah aquifers . http://www.55a.net/firas/ar_photo/15/water777.jpg It is important to know that groundwater is a very important source of potable water for use, and may be wasteful in the use of much of the work cause a major threat to the presence and continuity of fresh water is the most important problems who cause reduce the chances of the availability of groundwater collapse of the land and the leakage of salt water to wells constantly Vidhar water and causing her substantial pollution and a clear change its characteristics of natural and unfortunately there are some wells close to the surface of the earth, which expose it to contamination of biological or chemical Valabar that contain ground water should preferably be at altitudes appropriate to avoid what might happen around them .. If the rise was more than 40 feet reduces the pollution of groundwater Only in this case, the layered porous half permeability is working to rid the water of impurities and contaminants, and if there is contamination of the groundwater may be difficult to filter t he whole it is difficult to liquidate quickly, because this water Tkwon slow flow and movement in the ground may not exceed several meters of movement may affect the location and quality of water filtering. There are several diseases caused by pollution of underground water, such as: 1 Cholera. 2 Typhoid. 3 All kinds of dysentery. 4 Hepatitis. 5 Malaria. 6 Schistosomiasis. 7 Liver disease. 8 Poisoning. There are several ways to prevent contaminants from reaching groundwater and some solutions for the liquidation of underground water of pollutants such as: * Chemical precipitation to remove water hardness. * Sedimentation to remove sediment resulting from chemical treatment. * Disinfection process to kill micro-organisms causing disease. * Desalination of saline groundwater. * Wastewater treatment before arriving to the soil and water bodies. * Dissemination of human consciousness for water conservation. * Passing laws to deal with toxic waste and follow the process to get rid of toxic waste. * Passing laws to deal with toxic waste and follow the process to get rid of toxic waste. Groundwater in the UAE Human activities impact: Human activities have a significant impact on groundwater in the United Arab Emirates. Groundwater is the source of the most commonly used provision in the United Arab Emirates, where it is facing a heavy pressure from population growth, urbanization and agricultural and industrial practices. As a result of these activities has become ground water is used excessively in recent decades and, more from the past.  The height of these human activities require an increase in the use of groundwater, which led to their use of groundwater stored in aquifers key and so will this lead to a decrease of excessive use of groundwater in the main stores in the United Arab Emirates.  And also as a result received excellent groundwater degradation where it met with many of the problems that reduce the quality in the United Arab Emirates, and one of these problems, groundwater salinity and will progressively become more saline, and the other problem that may harm the quality of groundwater is due to the imbalance between the annual recharge and discharge. Recently several wells in the eastern and the northern parts of the country went dry. On the other hand, the oil industry and the practice of agriculture are key factors in the pollution of groundwater.  As a result of the oil industry is to increase the salinity in groundwater due to solvents, waste oil thrown staged near areas of groundwater example Bu Hasa area.  The agricultural practices are increasing pollution of groundwater due to the use of pesticides and fertilizers staged affect the quality of groundwater. Future plans: Increase continuity in the use of groundwater has led to decreases dramatically and this is what was observed in recent decades, after studies staged held in the UAE and this is the main reason to re-examine the sources of water in the UAE and building plans for the future adopted by the State in the use of water source and the most important groundwater. Of the most important future plans to maintain the underground water level and the reduction of use, is to regulate the drilling and exploitation of groundwater wells and the exploitation of the groundwater in agriculture properly be used in any modern irrigation methods staged availability of ground water and keep them from drying. In addition to the expansion of the establishment of dams to hold rainwater, and include the application of a program to conserve and rationalize water use, groundwater, and enhance the statistics of groundwater, especially in the area of authentication and authorization withdrawals of water and develop a program to improve methods for rainwater harvesting in order to feed water tank underground. Construction of dams:   Given the importance played by dams in the custody of rainwater for later use feed water storage underground, especially since the natural nutrition are only a small percentage of the amount of water withdrawn and did not exceed in any case 10% were interested in the United Arab Emirates establishment of dams, which now numbered114 dams with a capacity of storing 114 million cubic meters. Modify the patterns of agricultural and irrigation:   Given that agriculture is the largest consumer of water in the state (about 80%) of total water consumption has turned the state in recent years to use the patterns of modern agricultural reduce water consumption through the promotion of workers in the agricultural sector on the use of means and methods of modern irrigation, training in their use,  It is through the provision of irrigation systems, modern farm prices are almost free in some cases, have succeeded the State had notable success in mainstreaming the use of these means, as increased area cultivated areas that are irrigated by the use of those means more than 70% and on that used by some parties   to the plans set standards and specifications for water quality and crops to be cultivated and determine the area and the regulations and conditions of the agricultural plan. Conclusion: So far, we have seen that groundwater is very essential freshwater resources for us without it we will face a remarkable damage in human life span. So, from this importance of groundwater UAE holds many projects to preserve the water sources because I said the water sources in the United Arab Emirates due to lack of rainfall.  Among the most important of these projects the project primarily in the city of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, the underground injection His aim is to maintain strategic reserves of water in the emirate, through improving the quality of groundwater, which has become unfit for the use of high salinity due to depletion in the past years.

Explore the Subject of ‘Self Disclosure’ by Counsellors

Explore the subject of ‘self disclosure' by councellors Disclosure in the dictionary is ‘the act of revealing and exposing to view' My understanding of self disclosure in this context is to mean revealing the counsellors personal information and emotions. In this unique relationship this is to be expected when the client is communicating, in fact it is actively encouraged, because that is their roll in the therapeutic relationship. However my exploration will concern when is it acceptable for the counsellor to talk about themselves or their own feelings? Counsellors must speak since this is a talking therapy and surely every word and response is a form of self disclosure, yet what is said can have serious consequences. I will demonstrate how and when this can hurt or assist the client. When I began having personal counselling myself, I expected a relationship like a close friendship, I found the fact that this ‘expert' had the answers, but didn't offer them to me, which was at times very frustrating. My counsellor was psychodynamic and I am now aware that different styles of counselling accept a more open, less restricted, approach to self disclosure. Since this is however a psychodynamic course, I will endeavour to, within length limitations, give an outline of the important issues using this approach to the subject, illustrated with bibliography, class learning and personal experience of being a client. Our professional roll as counsellors incorporates enforcing certain boundaries, even on our ability to speak candidly about what we feel and think. The client is encouraged to talk openly and freely, to help them to learn from the exploration of their problems. However when using the psychodynamic approach we withhold our own knowledge and experiences, although sometimes it may appear to be appropriate and useful to the client. It can often be quite difficult to do this, especially when clients are asking us questions, but once we have started revealing personal details, it may be difficult to stop. We should be aware that a client could also be trying to get the counsellor to verbalise as a form of resistance or defence, to avoid talking about and facing their own problems. I agree with Freud's view; â€Å"It might be expected that it would be quite allowable and indeed useful, with a view to overcoming the patient's existing resistances, for the doctor to afford him a glimpse of his own mental defects and conflicts, and, by giving him information about his own life enable him to put himself on an equal footing†¦.. I have no hesitation in condemning the technique as incorrect. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) Non verbal communication is very important, as we as counsellors can learn from client's body language, we must take care that the client does not read ours. Freud preferred the client to recline on a couch for just such a reason, he said â€Å"I do not wish my expressions of face to give the patient material for interpretation, or to influence him in what he tells me. † (quoted by M. Jacobs 1992; 84) The counsellor today however, must learn to control their immediate reactions, particularly the negative ones of shock or disapproval, verbal or otherwise. During my personal experience of being a client, I noticed that my counsellor came to grimace at the mention of the name of one of my close supportive friends, and I later realised, through things she said, that she felt some rivalry towards this person. This self disclosure of her counter-transference feelings was very damaging to our relationship. We have to be very aware of our clients reactions to what we say and do, in this way, even if we have made a mistake, our positive responses to the error can be useful instead of damaging to the client. Self disclosure may be invited by the client's inappropriate feelings towards us as counsellors. These transference reactions, may be worded and feel like, a personal attack or question, worthy of a personal reply. However it is important to realise that the client is saying something significant, but it is not about us, so self disclosure is not necessary. It is important that we remain neutral to encourage this transference to occur. M. Jacobs gives this reason: â€Å"The psychodynamic counsellor, like the analyst, wishes to encourage the client to speak of the ideas and images that come from within himself, rather than those which are suggested directly by the counsellor, or by signs which the counsellor gives. † (1994 27) So when we are surprised by a personal enquiry of this type, it is better to look through the distortion and use an appropriate response such as â€Å"I wonder why that is important to you? or even â€Å"It seems as if I was reminding you of someone else? † Not looking at their motivation is a missed opportunity for the client to gain a deeper understanding of their present reactions towards other people. If we take a neutral roles the client is the only one introducing their beliefs, expectations or thoughts into the room. In the early days of being a client myself, I had an experience of this linking not being done. My counsellor revealed that she had taken my questioning of her ability personally. She said my doubts had hurt her feelings, this disclosure was particularly damaging as I felt angry at that time, but had no wish to hurt her again, so could not express my negative feelings. The counsellors counter-transference feelings can lead to either positive or negative disclosure, we must learn to discriminate between the two kinds. Brown and Pedder use this clear definition; â€Å"Winnicott often distinguishes between ‘objective' and appropriate counter-transference and ‘subjective' aspects which stem more from our own situational or unresolved personal issues. (1991; 62) The former is helpful, identifying with the client's situation through empathy allows us to tune in to and reflect back their unconscious thoughts and feelings. These can be hidden behind dreams, stories and defences. When we as counsellors use a response such as â€Å"I wonder if under this there's some anger? † or â€Å"I feel as though I would have been upset about that, but you don' t seem concerned†¦ † it allows our diclosure of our own responses to challenge the client's view of the world, which can be a beneficial breakthrough for them. Alternately expressing feelings that come from our own past and counter-transference can have devastating results. I can remember an occasion in class, during a roll play, when someone playing the counsellor had so much in common with his ‘client's' experiences, that his counter-transference nearly tempted him to say; â€Å"That's what happened to me†¦ don't make the same mistakes I did, this is what I learnt from the experience†. He resisted the temptation†¦ and when reviewing the session in the class he asked the ‘client' what his response would have been if he had revealed this about himself†¦ he client replied â€Å"how can you know what I am feeling? your circumstances are not the same as mine, I don't want to hear about you! † The kind of unsolicited self disclosure he was considering may have caused a huge amount of potentially damaging, anger and resentment towards the counsellor. So in conclusion, when is self disclosure helpful or ha rmful to the client? This is a professional relationship and not a social one, so different rules of disclosure do apply, hopefully theory may be enhanced by expertise and we may learn to modify these rules slightly for different clients. I think that this is an unusual and special alliance and it is vital for the client to learn to see a counsellor as ‘real', a human being, personally involved in and interested by their problems, someone they can identify with and learn to trust. Some self disclosure is helpful, if not essential, for building this part of the therapeutic relationship. Sometimes it is impossible not to reveal personal details, such as your holiday arrangements, health or appearance, the client may also ask questions for information or through their transference. The fact that the counsellor does not have to reveal personal details can increase personal security and enhance their involvement. Gently exploring with the client why they feel they need to know, is the most helpful kind of response. Self disclosure is damaging when the information is unsolicited, or when the counsellor gives answers which evoke an emotional response in the client. As a client myself, I found that my counsellor's revelations had damaging effects on me, maybe because the feelings they aroused in me were never resolved satisfactorily, even by lengthy discussion. This eventually led to my change of counsellor, which was a depressing and painful, experience and shows how destructive self disclosure can be to the therapeutic relationship. It even caused me to question the process itself, not for the reason I expected, because I didn't get my questions answered, but because I did! Although it may be difficult for the new client or inexperienced counsellor to adjust to, it is a time for the client to explore their feelings, make their choices and find their own answers. Maybe with experience and true self awareness we can learn to keep the focus naturally on the client, finding the balance of openness and rofessionalism that is needed to help them most of all. Brown & Peddar Introduction to Psychotherapy, 2nd Edition, Tavistock Publications, 1991 Jacobs, M Freud, Sage Publications Ltd. Jacobs, M Psychodynamic Counselling In Action, Sage Publications Ltd. 1994 Jacobs, M Still Small Voice, S. P. C. K. 1993 Kennedy & Charles On Becoming a Counsello r 1973 Oldfield S The Counselling Relationship Routeledge Press Psychodynamic Counselling vol. 1 No. 1

The day I went to the Department of Motor Vehicles

When I decided to go to the United States, my friends were really envious of me. They called the United States ‘Dream Land’, and so did I. Yes, I came here to make my dreams come true. I was so excited. When I boarded the airplane, my heart was beating faster and faster. And when I got off in the San Francisco International Airport, everything looked different from my country. Everything was beautiful. I admired the buildings, the people, I even thought that the sky here was so beautiful that home could not compare. Back home I hated it when it rains but here I thought of rainy days as romantic. The wind here was as cool as strawberry ice cream. I just loved everything in this ‘Dream Land’.   This was paradise to me, where I thought everyone is an angel. Little did I know that this illusion would soon be over, and this is the story of how my ‘Dream Land’ crumbled before my very eyes. Everything started when I decided I needed a car. Back home, I never felt the inconvenience of not having a car. I could go almost everywhere by foot and if I had to go somewhere far the bus can be relied on. However, ‘Dream land’ is huge; I could not go to market without a car. Everything was far from my place and the buses never came on time, so I spend hours on the road to get to where I need to go. That’s why I decided to buy a car. My parents however did not understand my situation. My father thought I envied friends who have cars, but eventually he agreed and said that if I can get a license he will buy me a car. My teacher gave me driver’s hand book to study and wrote a letter for the DMV to explain that I am an international student and that I needed assistance to get my driver’s license. During that time I was as student in the English as a Second Language center at Sac State. My English was not good. I had difficulty expressing myself in English. I could understand what they are saying but I could not give a reply since it was so hard for me to say what I am thinking. That’s why my teacher wanted the DMV officer to read her letter. When I went to DMV, I had to wait an hour and half until my number was called even if I had a reservation. An hour and a half was really a long time to wait, but that was still okay with me. My frustration started right after that. I went to the window which has my number on the screen. There was old white lady. She looked very blunt and never smiled. I said, â€Å"Hi, um,, I   want to take a test for the driver’s license.† But, she did not understand what I said. She repeatedly said â€Å"Excuse me, what? What?† I was losing my confidence. Americans would never understand, how scary it is for a foreigner when they say ‘What?’ in a condescending if not antagonizing way. Any way, when she finally understood me, I showed her my documents, including my   passport, I-20 and the letter that my teacher wrote. The blunt old white lady said to me. ‘No, you can not take a test because you do not have social security number.’ I politely explained to her that I could not understand because international students can not get social security number, and some of my friends took test just a day before, but she said ‘why are you talking about your friends? I do not care about them. The problem is that you do not have social security number.’ I felt that she was annoyed and did not want to listen to my poor English. So, finally I asked her to read the letter. However, she did not read it and said ‘Sac State is not my government.’ I was speechless with amazement, and I could not accept what she said. When I tried to say something, she said ‘why are you still here? If you can not follow American law, go back to your country.’ She was really rude. And the experience was   so frustrating for me. That was the day I realized that this place is not the ‘Dream Land’ I thought it to be. The angel has turned into a scary antagonizing monster, whom I hate. As I walked to the bus stop I could not stop my tears from falling and soon I was crying so hard. It was a very painful experience for me. I was so humiliated by the way the rude white lady who does not know what is legal. I hated her. I hated myself for not being able to express my thoughts in English. And I hated this ‘Dream land’ where they do not give social security number to international students, and want to us pay ten times expensive tuition fee than that paid by their citizens. That was the day I understood what racism means. I am an Asian who could not speak English well, so the white lady did not listen to me. I thought to myself, this not ‘Dream land’ after all, the old lady at the DMV made me realize just that and she did it in a really painful manner. I went to the mall to meet my friend and tell this story because if I did not tell this story that day, I think I would have died.   We sat at the food court, and spoke in Korean. I felt so relieved that I could speak in my mother tongue and be understood by my friend. Suddenly, an old white man came to us. He asked us, ‘What language are you guys talking with?’ We said, ‘Korean’. We thought he was interested in listening to another language. However, it was another illusion. He explained that we have to speak only in English in the ‘Dream land.’ We were so offended by what he said but what offended us more and made us very angry were his last words to us. He said ‘Go to the restroom and wash your mouths.’ I could not believe he was insulting us because we did not speak in English. From that day, ‘Dream land’ is not dream land to me any more. And I realize how wrong I was to think that this is ‘Dream Land†. There is no dream land and no angels. It was really a sad experience for me to be treated unfairly because of my race and poor English. From then on, I studied English very hard until I could speak very well. Nowadays, when I see people who can not speak English well at the mall or on the road, I try my best to help them and I am always careful not to say anything that would ruin their confidence because I do not want to break their dreams like the old white lady did to me. If they still think this is ‘Dream Land’ I do not want to ruin it for them.      

The Issue Of Gun Ownership - 1502 Words

Despite the harms associated with handguns, the Second Amendment, which states that â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†, protects the private ownership of them. The Supreme Court has consistently ruled against gun bans or regulations as violating the 2nd amendment. In the landmark ruling Heller vs. District of Columbia in 2008, the Supreme Court ruled that a thirty-two year ban on the private ownership of handguns in the District of Columbia was unconstitutional. The Supreme Court decided that the Second Amendment implies that the government cannot enact an outright ban on commonly held weapons or prevent citizens from having†¦show more content†¦He continues, â€Å"The Constitution is a written instrument. As such, its meaning does not alter. That which it meant when it was adopted, it means now.† An accurate reading of the Constitution, Madis on said, requires â€Å"resorting to the sense in which the Constitution was accepted and ratified by the nation† because â€Å"In that sense alone it is the legitimate Constitution.† Furthermore, the American people risk losing everything the document provides, from freedom of speech to freedom of religion to the right to a trial by jury, if one section of the Constitution is redacted. To maintain the document and the liberties that it grants requires a textual reading of the Constitution, and consequently, upholding the Second Amendment. To enact a national handgun ban would be to ignore constitutionalism and would greatly damage the democratic legitimacy of the U.S. government. A national handgun ban violates the principles of federalism found in the Tenth Amendment. The Constitution creates a federal government of enumerated powers and give states the right to make laws regarding everything else. The federal government has the power to regulate commercial tran sactions regarding guns such as background checks under the commerce clause, but the banning of ownership grabs police power that the Constitution leaves to the